Weakening of the Teleconnection From El Niño–Southern Oscillation to the Arctic Stratosphere Over the Past Few Decades: What Can Be Learned From Subseasonal Forecast Models?

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Version: Final published version
License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
Serval ID
serval:BIB_1C21B97ADD5F
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Title
Weakening of the Teleconnection From El Niño–Southern Oscillation to the Arctic Stratosphere Over the Past Few Decades: What Can Be Learned From Subseasonal Forecast Models?
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Author(s)
Garfinkel Chaim I., Schwartz Chen, Butler Amy H., Domeisen Daniela I. V., Son Seok-Woo, White Ian P.
ISSN
2169-897X
2169-8996
Publication state
Published
Issued date
27/07/2019
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
124
Number
14
Pages
7683-7696
Language
english
Abstract
While a connection between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Northern Hemisphere wintertime stratospheric polar vortex appears robust in observational studies focusing on the period before 1979 and in many modeling studies, this connection is not evident over the past few decades. In this study, the factors that have led to the disappearance of the ENSO-vortex relationship are assessed by comparing this relationship in observational data and in operational subseasonal forecasting models over the past few decades. For reforecasts initialized in December, the models simulate a significantly weaker vortex during El Niño than La Niña (LN) as occurred before 1979, but no such effect was observed to have occurred. The apparent cause of this is the eastern European and western Siberian height anomalies present during ENSO. The observed LN events were associated with persistent ridging over eastern Europe as compared to El Niño. Although the Subseasonal-to-Seasonal models are initialized with this ridge, the ridge quickly dissipates. As ridging over this region enhances wave flux entering the stratosphere, the net effect is no robust stratospheric response to ENSO in the observations despite a North Pacific teleconnection that would, in isolation, lead to less wave flux for LN. The anomalies in the eastern European sector in response to ENSO likely reflect unforced internal atmospheric variability.
Keywords
El Niño, Arctic vortex, subseasonal forecasting
Web of science
Open Access
Yes
Funding(s)
Swiss National Science Foundation / 170523
Create date
08/03/2022 14:12
Last modification date
11/07/2024 9:58
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