This investigation explores the effectiveness of R&D–marketing cooperation as compared to R&D–sales cooperation for new-product development under different market and organizational circumstances in business-to-business settings. Using a cross-industry dyadic data set of 230 industrial firms, we show that the effects of R&D–marketing and R&D–sales cooperation on new-product advantage vary significantly, depending on the velocity of the market environment, company strategy, and R&D characteristics. Specifically, R&D–marketing cooperation exhibits a stronger association with new-product advantage if firms follow a cost leadership strategy, if R&D holds high power levels regarding new-product decisions, and if R&D collectivism is strongly pronounced. Conversely, R&D–sales cooperation exhibits a stronger effect on new-product advantage if technological turbulence is pronounced in the market, if the firm follows a differentiation strategy, and if R&D is influential in firm-wide budgeting decisions. These results may help firms decide which R&D cooperation type might be encouraged to maximize innovation success in a given situation.