Biological sex and social gender jointly influence health. Failure to take into account differences in health between women and men is an issue. What is more, undue differences based on stereotypes can also lead to biased care. This article illustrates the influence of sex and gender on health through clinical situations affecting various dimensions of medical care (diagnosis, investigations, treatments, prognosis). It also gives tools and introduces a project aimed at integrating the gender dimension into the pregraduate education of medical students at the University of Lausanne. The aim is to ensure equitable quality care between women and men, taking into account gender specificities based on unbiased scientific evidence.