We aimed to identify factors easily collected at admission in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) that were associated with early recurrence, so as to guide clinicians' decision-making about hospitalization in routine practice. From September 2011 to January 2013, all TIA patients who were referred to the University Hospital of Dijon, France, were identified. Vascular risk factors and clinical information were collected. The etiology of the TIA was defined according to the results of complementary examinations performed at admission as follows: large artery atherosclerosis (LAA-TIA) TIA, TIA due to atrial fibrillation (AF-TIA), other causes, and undetermined TIA. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with any recurrence at 48 hours (stroke or TIA). Among the 312 TIA patients, the etiology was LAA-TIA in 33 patients (10.6%), AF-TIA in 57 (18.3%), other causes in 23 (7.3%), and undetermined in 199 (63.8%). Early recurrence rates were 12.1% in patients with LAA-TIA, 5.3% in patients with AF-TIA, 4.3% in patients with another cause of TIA, and 1.0% in patients with undetermined TIA. In multivariable analysis, the LAA etiology was independently associated with early recurrence (odds ratio [OR]: 12.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.84-78.48, p=0.009). A non-significant trend was also observed for AF-TIA (OR: 3.82; 95% CI: 0.40-36.62, p=0.25) and other causes (OR: 3.73; 95% CI: 0.30-46.26, p=0.31). A simple initial assessment of TIA patients in the emergency room would be helpful in targeting those with a high risk of early recurrence and who therefore need to be hospitalized.