Pseudogenes in the ENCODE regions: consensus annotation, analysis of transcription, and evolution.

Details

Serval ID
serval:BIB_C4C798041F92
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Pseudogenes in the ENCODE regions: consensus annotation, analysis of transcription, and evolution.
Journal
Genome Research
Author(s)
Zheng D., Frankish A., Baertsch R., Kapranov P., Reymond A., Choo S.W., Lu Y., Denoeud F., Antonarakis S.E., Snyder M., Ruan Y., Wei C.L., Gingeras T.R., Guigó R., Harrow J., Gerstein M.B.
ISSN
1088-9051[print], 1088-9051[linking]
Publication state
Published
Issued date
2007
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
17
Number
6
Pages
839-851
Language
english
Abstract
Arising from either retrotransposition or genomic duplication of functional genes, pseudogenes are "genomic fossils" valuable for exploring the dynamics and evolution of genes and genomes. Pseudogene identification is an important problem in computational genomics, and is also critical for obtaining an accurate picture of a genome's structure and function. However, no consensus computational scheme for defining and detecting pseudogenes has been developed thus far. As part of the ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, we have compared several distinct pseudogene annotation strategies and found that different approaches and parameters often resulted in rather distinct sets of pseudogenes. We subsequently developed a consensus approach for annotating pseudogenes (derived from protein coding genes) in the ENCODE regions, resulting in 201 pseudogenes, two-thirds of which originated from retrotransposition. A survey of orthologs for these pseudogenes in 28 vertebrate genomes showed that a significant fraction ( approximately 80%) of the processed pseudogenes are primate-specific sequences, highlighting the increasing retrotransposition activity in primates. Analysis of sequence conservation and variation also demonstrated that most pseudogenes evolve neutrally, and processed pseudogenes appear to have lost their coding potential immediately or soon after their emergence. In order to explore the functional implication of pseudogene prevalence, we have extensively examined the transcriptional activity of the ENCODE pseudogenes. We performed systematic series of pseudogene-specific RACE analyses. These, together with complementary evidence derived from tiling microarrays and high throughput sequencing, demonstrated that at least a fifth of the 201 pseudogenes are transcribed in one or more cell lines or tissues.
Keywords
Animals, Cell Line, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Duplication, Humans, Primates/genetics, Pseudogenes, Retroelements, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Species Specificity, Transcription, Genetic
Pubmed
Web of science
Open Access
Yes
Create date
24/01/2008 15:51
Last modification date
20/08/2019 15:40
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