The improvement of our knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms, the identification of the risks factors and the development of new antirheumatic drugs have enabled significant progress in the management of patients suffering of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). We know now that the disease develops long before the first clinical signs appear (immunological onset of the disease or asymptomatic period). One of the current lines of research is the prevention of the disease using early interventions during the asymptomatic stage. In this article, we will summarize the current knowledge concerning the risk factors, the identification of asymptomatic patients at high risk developing rheumatoid arthritis, as well as potential interventions that would allow prevention of the disease.