Sun exposure to the eyes: predicted UV protection effectiveness of various sunglasses.

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State: Public
Version: Final published version
License: CC BY 4.0
Serval ID
serval:BIB_C306D4D7BEF0
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Sun exposure to the eyes: predicted UV protection effectiveness of various sunglasses.
Journal
Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology
Author(s)
Backes C., Religi A., Moccozet L., Behar-Cohen F., Vuilleumier L., Bulliard J.L., Vernez D.
ISSN
1559-064X (Electronic)
ISSN-L
1559-0631
Publication state
Published
Issued date
10/2019
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
29
Number
6
Pages
753-764
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Publication Status: ppublish
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) doses received by the eyes in different exposure situations, and to predict the sun protection effectiveness provided by various styles of sunglasses at facial, periorbital, and ocular skin zones including the cornea and accounting for different head positions. A 3D numeric model was optimized to predict direct, diffuse and reflected erythemally weighted UVR doses received at various skin zones. Precisely defined facial, periorbital, and ocular skin zones, sunglasses (goggles, medium-, and large-sized sunglasses) and three head positions were modeled to simulate daily (08:00-17:00) and midday (12:00-14:00) UVR doses. The shading from sunglasses' frame and lenses' UVR transmission were used to calculate a predictive protection factor (PPF [%]). Highest ocular daily UVR doses were estimated at the uncovered cornea (1718.4 J/m <sup>2</sup> ). Least sun protection was provided by middle-sized sunglasses with highest midday dose at the white lateral (290.8 J/m <sup>2</sup> ) and lateral periorbital zones (390.9 J/m <sup>2</sup> ). Goggles reached almost 100% protection at all skin zones. Large-sized sunglasses were highly effective in winter; however, their effectiveness depended on diffuse UVR doses received. In "looking-up" head positions highest midday UVR doses were received at the unprotected cornea (908.1 J/m <sup>2</sup> ), totally protected when large-sized sunglasses are used. All tested sunglass lenses fully blocked UVR. Sunglasses' protection effectiveness is strongly influenced by geometry, wearing position, head positions, and exposure conditions. Sunglasses do not totally block UVR and should be combined with additional protection means. 3D modeling allows estimating UVR exposure of highly sensitive small skin zones, chronically exposed and rarely assessed.
Keywords
Environmental Exposure, Eye/radiation effects, Eye Protective Devices, Humans, Seasons, Sunlight
Pubmed
Web of science
Open Access
Yes
Create date
06/11/2018 18:49
Last modification date
21/11/2022 8:12
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