Les destins de l'héritage traumatique au coeur du processus de parentalité : à propos de la transmission entre les générations chez les descendants d'exilés politiques chiliens vivant en Suisse
Details
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State: Public
Version: After imprimatur
License: Not specified
Serval ID
serval:BIB_B3FA716F9624
Type
PhD thesis: a PhD thesis.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Les destins de l'héritage traumatique au coeur du processus de parentalité : à propos de la transmission entre les générations chez les descendants d'exilés politiques chiliens vivant en Suisse
Director(s)
Katz-Gilbert Muriel
Codirector(s)
Cornejo Marcela
Institution details
Université de Lausanne, Faculté des sciences sociales et politiques
Publication state
Accepted
Issued date
2020
Language
french
Abstract
Suite aux violences collectives qui ont marqué le XXième siècle, de nombreuses études en psychologie se sont centrées sur la transmission du traumatisme. L’originalité de notre recherche est d’explorer la dynamique de la transmission du traumatisme à travers le prisme du processus de parentalité. Notre objectif est d’explorer l’impact des remaniements identificatoires suscités par la parentalité sur la transmission psychique à la génération suivante ; et ce dans le contexte particulier, à savoir celui de la situation d’exil et de l’héritage d’un traumatisme collectif. Le terrain de recherche porte sur la dictature civile-militaire au Chili (1973-1990). Pour répondre à notre objectif, nous avons rencontré douze participants, descendants d’exilés politiques chiliens dont les enfants grandissent en Suisse. Le dispositif méthodologique qualitatif se compose de trois entretiens en individuel accompagné d’instruments et d’un guide d’entretien semi-directif. Une double logique analytique – singulière et transversale – a été privilégiée au moyen d’analyses thématique et interprétative. Les principaux résultats de la recherche éclairent la complexité de la dynamique de la transmission des repères identificatoires dans le contexte de l’exil. Nous observons que la parentalité est un processus propice aux remaniements des contrats narcissiques (Kaës, 2009) et à leur maillage. Les traces traumatiques de l’histoire familiale et collective ont des répercussions sur le processus de parentalité chez les descendants d’exilés politiques. Toutefois, la parentalité n'a pas la même portée chez tous. Nous proposons une typologie pour illustrer les différents destins de l’héritage traumatique selon la teneur des remaniements identificatoires. Trois types de processus de parentalité sont mis en évidence : souple, labile et rigide. Afin de mettre l’accent sur le caractère dynamique de la parentalité, nous avons développé la notion de parentescence qui rend compte de la complexité des processus psychiques impliqués avant même la naissance d’un enfant. Cette recherche ouvre des perspectives cliniques et socio-politiques relatives à la fois à la prise en charge des enfants issus de la migration et à l’expérience du devenir parent.
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In the aftermath of the collective violence that marked the twentieth century, many psychological studies focused on the transmission of trauma. The originality of our research, is to explore the dynamics of trauma transmission through the prism of the parenting process. Our objective is to explore the impact of the identificatory rearrangement brought about by parenthood on psychic transmission to the next generation, and in the particular context of the exile situation and the inheritance of collective trauma. The research field concentrates on the civil-military dictatorship in Chile (1973-1990). To meet our goal, we met twelve participants, descendants of Chilean political exiles whose children grew up in Switzerland. The qualitative methodological plan consists in three individual interviews completed by instruments and a semi-structured interview guide. A double analytical logic - singular and transversal - has been privileged through thematic and interpretative analysis. The main results highlight the complexity of the dynamics of the transmission of identifying landmarks in the context of exile. Parenthood is a favorable process to the reorganization of narcissistic contracts (Kaës, 2009) and their networking. Traumatic traces of family and collective history have repercussions on the parenthood process among the descendants of political exiles. However, we observe that parenthood does not have the same impact on everyone. We offer a typology to illustrate the different fates of the traumatic legacy according to the content of the identificatory rearrangement. Three types of parenthood process are highlighted: flexible, labile and rigid. In order to emphasize the dynamic nature of parenthood, we developed the concept of parentescence [in french], that describes the complexity of the psychic processes involved even before the birth of a child. This research opens up clinical and socio-political perspectives relating both to the care of migrant children and to the psychological experience of becoming a parent.
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In the aftermath of the collective violence that marked the twentieth century, many psychological studies focused on the transmission of trauma. The originality of our research, is to explore the dynamics of trauma transmission through the prism of the parenting process. Our objective is to explore the impact of the identificatory rearrangement brought about by parenthood on psychic transmission to the next generation, and in the particular context of the exile situation and the inheritance of collective trauma. The research field concentrates on the civil-military dictatorship in Chile (1973-1990). To meet our goal, we met twelve participants, descendants of Chilean political exiles whose children grew up in Switzerland. The qualitative methodological plan consists in three individual interviews completed by instruments and a semi-structured interview guide. A double analytical logic - singular and transversal - has been privileged through thematic and interpretative analysis. The main results highlight the complexity of the dynamics of the transmission of identifying landmarks in the context of exile. Parenthood is a favorable process to the reorganization of narcissistic contracts (Kaës, 2009) and their networking. Traumatic traces of family and collective history have repercussions on the parenthood process among the descendants of political exiles. However, we observe that parenthood does not have the same impact on everyone. We offer a typology to illustrate the different fates of the traumatic legacy according to the content of the identificatory rearrangement. Three types of parenthood process are highlighted: flexible, labile and rigid. In order to emphasize the dynamic nature of parenthood, we developed the concept of parentescence [in french], that describes the complexity of the psychic processes involved even before the birth of a child. This research opens up clinical and socio-political perspectives relating both to the care of migrant children and to the psychological experience of becoming a parent.
Create date
17/02/2021 11:38
Last modification date
02/03/2021 14:15