Even if only a small proportion of asylum seekers obtains a permanent resident permit, a significant number of them stay for a prolonged or indefinite period in Switzerland in a legal or illegal way. The asylum seekers can be either vectors or victims of infectious diseases. Some of these diseases can be prevented by vaccination. This article summarizes the recent decisions which have been taken in the canton Vaud concerning the vaccination of asylum seekers. These new recommendations privilege a large coverage of a maximum number of asylum seekers. Vaccinations against varicella and human papillomavirus will be proposed in addition to the already previously recommended vaccines. Finally the medical visits for the vaccinations will also be an opportunity to screen for chronic hepatitis B which has been neglected until now.