Effect of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin on the mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Details
State: Public
Version: Final published version
License: Not specified
Serval ID
serval:BIB_A60A19C5EF98
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Publication sub-type
Review (review): journal as complete as possible of one specific subject, written based on exhaustive analyses from published work.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Effect of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin on the mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal
Clinical microbiology and infection
ISSN
1469-0691 (Electronic)
ISSN-L
1198-743X
Publication state
Published
Issued date
01/2021
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
27
Number
1
Pages
19-27
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
Publication Status: ppublish
Publication Status: ppublish
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without azithromycin have been widely promoted to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) following early in vitro antiviral effects against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess whether chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin decreased COVID-19 mortality compared with the standard of care.
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and MedRxiv were searched up to 25 July 2020.
We included published and unpublished studies comparing the mortality rate between patients treated with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin and patients managed with standard of care.
Patients ≥18 years old with confirmed COVID-19.
Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin.
Effect sizes were pooled using a random-effects model. Multiple subgroup analyses were conducted to assess drug safety.
The initial search yielded 839 articles, of which 29 met our inclusion criteria. All studies except one were conducted on hospitalized patients and evaluated the effects of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin. Among the 29 articles, three were randomized controlled trials, one was a non-randomized trial and 25 were observational studies, including 11 with a critical risk of bias and 14 with a serious or moderate risk of bias. After excluding studies with critical risk of bias, the meta-analysis included 11 932 participants for the hydroxychloroquine group, 8081 for the hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin group and 12 930 for the control group. Hydroxychloroquine was not significantly associated with mortality: pooled relative risk (RR) 0.83 (95% CI 0.65-1.06, n = 17 studies) for all studies and RR = 1.09 (95% CI 0.97-1.24, n = 3 studies) for randomized controlled trials. Hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin was associated with an increased mortality (RR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.04-1.54, n = 7 studies). We found similar results with a Bayesian meta-analysis.
Hydroxychloroquine alone was not associated with reduced mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients but the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin significantly increased mortality.
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess whether chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin decreased COVID-19 mortality compared with the standard of care.
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and MedRxiv were searched up to 25 July 2020.
We included published and unpublished studies comparing the mortality rate between patients treated with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin and patients managed with standard of care.
Patients ≥18 years old with confirmed COVID-19.
Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin.
Effect sizes were pooled using a random-effects model. Multiple subgroup analyses were conducted to assess drug safety.
The initial search yielded 839 articles, of which 29 met our inclusion criteria. All studies except one were conducted on hospitalized patients and evaluated the effects of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin. Among the 29 articles, three were randomized controlled trials, one was a non-randomized trial and 25 were observational studies, including 11 with a critical risk of bias and 14 with a serious or moderate risk of bias. After excluding studies with critical risk of bias, the meta-analysis included 11 932 participants for the hydroxychloroquine group, 8081 for the hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin group and 12 930 for the control group. Hydroxychloroquine was not significantly associated with mortality: pooled relative risk (RR) 0.83 (95% CI 0.65-1.06, n = 17 studies) for all studies and RR = 1.09 (95% CI 0.97-1.24, n = 3 studies) for randomized controlled trials. Hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin was associated with an increased mortality (RR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.04-1.54, n = 7 studies). We found similar results with a Bayesian meta-analysis.
Hydroxychloroquine alone was not associated with reduced mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients but the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin significantly increased mortality.
Keywords
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use, Azithromycin/therapeutic use, Bayes Theorem, Bias, COVID-19/drug therapy, COVID-19/mortality, COVID-19/virology, Chloroquine/therapeutic use, Drug Repositioning, Humans, Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use, Risk, SARS-CoV-2/drug effects, SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity, Standard of Care, Survival Analysis, Azithromycin, Chloroquine, Coronavirus, Coronavirus disease 2019, Hydroxychloroquine, Meta-analysis, Mortality, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Pubmed
Web of science
Open Access
Yes
Create date
27/08/2020 6:16
Last modification date
30/04/2021 6:13
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