Dyspnea is a very common symptom and is mostly a benign condition. However certain pathologies could lead to the death of the patient. In such cases the general practitioner plays an important role in the prompt diagnosis and management. Although other conditions may contribute, the cardiac and pulmonary organ system is the main causes of dyspnea. A careful history and physical examination can lead to a clear diagnosis or a right suspicion. After the emergency call the physician will be also involved in the majority of the cases in the long term follow-up. This article tries to give cues of diagnosis, indications when to hospitalize and keys points for the follow-up.