The Unexpected Downside of Paying or Sending Messages to People to Make Them Walk : Comparing Tangible Rewards and Motivational Messages to Improve Physical Activity

Details

Ressource 1Download: Cherubini_etal_TheUnexpectedDownside.pdf (2551.60 [Ko])
State: Public
Version: Final published version
License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
Serval ID
serval:BIB_823BEF1ABD33
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
The Unexpected Downside of Paying or Sending Messages to People to Make Them Walk : Comparing Tangible Rewards and Motivational Messages to Improve Physical Activity
Journal
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction
Author(s)
Cherubini Mauro, Villalobos-Zuñiga Gabriela, Boldi Marc-Olivier, Bonazzi Riccardo
ISSN
1073-0516
1557-7325
Publication state
Published
Issued date
20/03/2020
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
27
Number
2
Pages
1-44
Language
english
Abstract
People do not exercise as much and as regularly as they should. To support users in adopting healthy exercise routines, app designers integrate persuasive techniques in their apps. In this study, we focus on two of these techniques, i.e., offering tangible rewards and sending motivational messages to users. Past research has demonstrated the effects of these techniques in nudging recipients to increase their physical activity levels. However, the effect of these interventions on the intrinsic motivation of the participants has not yet been studied. We conducted a 10-month study involving 208 participants; this research consisted of a 3-month baseline (pre-phase), a 4-month experiment and a 3-month follow-up (post-phase). The participants were randomly assigned to one of the following three interventions: either they receive money ((i.) through a fixed incentive or (ii.) a lottery), or (iii.) informative messages. Their daily goal was to walk 10K steps. Through their smart phones, we recorded how many steps they walked every day. These interventions had no effect on the main outcome variable (i.e., the number of steps). However, the manipulations produced a detrimental effect on the intrinsic motivation of the participants, measured through a standardized questionnaire. This negative effect extended into the follow-up period. Our study reveals that tangible rewards and motivational messages decrease the intrinsic motivation of the participants, hence their connected physical activity. In our findings, we highlight the importance of intrinsic motivation in setting up healthy exercise routines that will be carried on autonomously by the participants after the period of the intervention. Finally, we present implications for the design of persuasive apps.
Keywords
LMER, longitudinal study, persuasive technology, randomized controlled trial
Open Access
Yes
Create date
23/03/2020 19:50
Last modification date
24/03/2020 8:09
Usage data