Metabolic effects of fructose and the worldwide increase in obesity.

Details

Serval ID
serval:BIB_78BD8191E21A
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Publication sub-type
Review (review): journal as complete as possible of one specific subject, written based on exhaustive analyses from published work.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Metabolic effects of fructose and the worldwide increase in obesity.
Journal
Physiological Reviews
Author(s)
Tappy L.,  K.A.
ISSN
1522-1210 (Electronic)
ISSN-L
0031-9333
Publication state
Published
Issued date
01/2010
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
90
Number
1
Pages
23-46
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
Abstract
While virtually absent in our diet a few hundred years ago, fructose has now become a major constituent of our modern diet. Our main sources of fructose are sucrose from beet or cane, high fructose corn syrup, fruits, and honey. Fructose has the same chemical formula as glucose (C(6)H(12)O(6)), but its metabolism differs markedly from that of glucose due to its almost complete hepatic extraction and rapid hepatic conversion into glucose, glycogen, lactate, and fat. Fructose was initially thought to be advisable for patients with diabetes due to its low glycemic index. However, chronically high consumption of fructose in rodents leads to hepatic and extrahepatic insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and high blood pressure. The evidence is less compelling in humans, but high fructose intake has indeed been shown to cause dyslipidemia and to impair hepatic insulin sensitivity. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis and lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and hyperuricemia have all been proposed as mechanisms responsible for these adverse metabolic effects of fructose. Although there is compelling evidence that very high fructose intake can have deleterious metabolic effects in humans as in rodents, the role of fructose in the development of the current epidemic of metabolic disorders remains controversial. Epidemiological studies show growing evidence that consumption of sweetened beverages (containing either sucrose or a mixture of glucose and fructose) is associated with a high energy intake, increased body weight, and the occurrence of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. There is, however, no unequivocal evidence that fructose intake at moderate doses is directly related with adverse metabolic effects. There has also been much concern that consumption of free fructose, as provided in high fructose corn syrup, may cause more adverse effects than consumption of fructose consumed with sucrose. There is, however, no direct evidence for more serious metabolic consequences of high fructose corn syrup versus sucrose consumption.
Keywords
Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Fructose/metabolism, Humans, Liver/metabolism, Metabolic Diseases/etiology, Metabolic Diseases/metabolism, Obesity/epidemiology, Obesity/etiology, Sucrose/metabolism, World Health
Pubmed
Web of science
Create date
21/02/2011 15:43
Last modification date
20/08/2019 15:35
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