Power is important and inherent in inter and transdisciplinary (ITD) research and the implementation of research findings (policy and practice). Power shapes what we know, how we do science and how it is implemented and by whom, making it an important topic to consider in research design and research implementation. For example, power influences the language and terminology we use, the social-demographic makeup of research teams and which ideologies prevail in ITD research. Here we introduce the four most common approaches to identifying and understanding power including: i) actor-centred, ii) institutional, iii) structural, and, iv) discursive power, and how they affect ITD research and practice. We also introduce different analytical framings of power including: “power-over” “power-with”, “power-to” and other approaches like Transformative Power Lab. Acknowledging and addressing power-related challenges and imbalances will inherently help to improve ITD research and practice through, for example, promoting inclusivity, reflexivity and empowerment, improving transparency, building trust and collaboration among stakeholders and possibly mitigating against conflicts.