In a world where many forms of protection – including tariffs – are constrained by WTO disciplines, non-tariff measures (NTMs) are the new frontier of trade policy. NTMs that are poorly designed or captured by special interests can hurt competitiveness and fragment markets; whereas well-designed ones can effectively overcome informational and other market failures. Assisting governments in the design of NTMs is a critical challenge for donors and development agencies. However, many issues relating, for example, to regional harmonisation and the interaction of NTMs with market structure are still imperfectly understood. This volume brings together recent work by young scholars that draws on original data to shed light on some of the key analytical and policy issues.