Management of pectus excavatum Congenital chest wall deformities are considered to be anomalies in chest wall growth related to excessive or insufficient growth (aplasia or dysplasia) of the osseous or cartilaginous structures or the rib cage. These deformities are associated in 95% to overgrowth leading into depression (pectus excavatum) or protuberance of the sternum (pectus carinatum). Pectus excavatum may lead to cardiopulmonary disorder or impact on patient's self-esteem. The management of pectus excavatum has evolved this last decade with minimal invasive repair.