The global cardiovascular risk transition: associations of four metabolic risk factors with national income, urbanization, and Western diet in 1980 and 2008.
Details
Serval ID
serval:BIB_31BC061A5499
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
The global cardiovascular risk transition: associations of four metabolic risk factors with national income, urbanization, and Western diet in 1980 and 2008.
Journal
Circulation
Working group(s)
Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group
Contributor(s)
Aamodt G., Aamodt G., Abdeen Z., Abdella N.A., Rahim H.F., Addo J., Aekplakorn W., Afifi M.M., Agabiti-Rosei E., Aguilar Salinas C.A., Agyemang C., Ali M.M., Al-Nsour M., Al-Nuaim A.R., Ambady R., Aro P., Azizi F., Barbagallo C.M., Barbieri M.A., Barceló A., Barreto S.M., Barros H., Bautista L.E., Benetos A., Bjerregaard P., Björkelund C., Bo S., Bobak M., Bonora E., Bontha B.V., Botana M.A., Bovet P., Breckenkamp J., Breteler M.M., Broda G., Brown I.J., Bursztyn M., Cabrera de León A., Campos H., Cappuccio F.P., Capuano V., Casiglia E., Castellano M., Castetbon K., Cea L., Chang C.J., Chaouki N., Chatterji S., Chen Z., Chen C.J., Choi J.S., Chua L., Cífková R., Cobiac L.J., Cooper R.S., Corsi A.M., Costanza M.C., Craig C.L., Dankner R.S., Dastgiri S., Delgado E., Dinc G., Doi Y., Dong G.H., Dorsi E., Dragano N., Drewnowski A., Eggertsen W., Elliott P., Engeland A., Erem C., Esteghamati A., Fall C.H., Fan J.G., Ferreccio C., Fezeu L., Firmo J.O., Florez H.J., Fornés N.S., Fowkes F.G., Franceschini G., Frisk F., Fuchs F.D., Fuller E.L., Getz L., Giampaoli S., Gómez L.F., Gomez-Zumaquero J.M., Graff-Iversen S., Grant J.F., Guerrero Carvajal R., Gulliford M.C., Gupta R., Gupta P.C., Gureje O., Hansen T.W., Hata J., He J., Heim N., Heinrich J., Hemmingsson T., Hennis A., Herman W.H., Herrera V.M., Ho S., Holdsworth M., Hollman Frisman G., Hopman W.M., Hussain A., Husseini A., Ibrahim M., Ikeda N., Jacobsen B.K., Jaddou H.Y., Jafar T.H., Janghorbani M., Jasienska G., Joffres M.R., Jonas J.B., Kadiki O.A., Kalter-Leibovici O., Kamadjeu R.M., Karalis I., Kastarinen M.J., Katz J., Keinan-Boker L., Kelly P., Khalilzadeh O., Khang Y.H., Kiechl S., Kim K.W., Kiyohara Y., Kobayashi J., Krause M.P., Kubínová R., Kurjata P., Kusuma Y.S., Lam T.H., Langhammer A., Lawes C.M., Le C., Lee J., Lévy-Marchal C., Li Y., Li Y., Lim S., Lim T.O., Lin X., Lin C.C., Lin X., Lin H.H., Lind L., Lissner L., Liu X., Lopez-Jaramillo P., Lorbeer R., Lorbeer R., Ma G., Ma S., Macià F., MacLean D.R., Maggi S., Magliano D.J., Makdisse M., Mancia G., Mannami T., Marques-Vidal P., Mbanya J.C., McFarlane-Anderson N., Miccoli R., Miettola J., Minh H.V., Miquel J.F., Miranda J., Mohamed M.K., Mohan V., Mohanna S., Mokdad A., Mollentze W.F., Morales D.D., Morgan K., Muiesan L.M., Muntoni S., Nabipour I., Nakagami T., Nangia V., Nemesure B., Neovius M., Nerhus K.A., Nervi F., Neuhauser H., Nguyen M., Ninomiya T., Noale M., Oh S.W., Ohkubo T., Olivieri O., Önal A.E., Onat A., Oróstegui M., Ouedraogo H., Pan W.H., Panagiotakos D.B., Panza F., Park Y., Passos V.M., Pednekar M.S., Peres M.A., Pérez C., Pérez-Fernández R., Pichardo R., Phua H.P., Pistelli F., Plans P., Polakowska M., Poulter N., Prabhakaran D., Qiao Q., Rafiei M., Raitakari O.T., Ramos L.R., Rampal S., Rampal L., Rasmussen F., Reddy K.K., Redon J., Revilla L., Reyes-García V., Roaeid R.B., Rodriguez-Artalejo F., Rojas-Martinez R., Ronkainen K., Rosero-Bixby L., Roth G.A., Sachdev H.S., Sánchez J.R., Sanisoglu S.Y., Sans S., Sarraf-Zadegan N., Scazufca M., Schaan B.D., Schapochnik N., Schelleman H., Schneider I.J., Schooling C., Schwarz B., Sekuri C., Sereday M.S., Serra-Majem L., Shaw J., Shera A.S., Shi Z., Shiri R., Shu X.O., Silva D.A., Silva E., Simons L.A., Smith M., Söderberg S., Soebardi S., Solfrizzi V., Sonestedt E., Soysal A., Stattin P., Stein A.D., Stergiou G.S., Stessman J., Sudo A., Suka M., Sundh V., Sundquist K., Sundström J., Swai A.B., Tai E., Tambs K., Tesfaye F., Thomas G.N., Thorogood M., Tilvis R.S., Tobias M., Torheim L.E., Trenkwalder P., Tuomilehto J.O., Tur J.A., Tzourio C., Uhernik A.I., Ukoli F.A., Unwin N., Vander Hoorn S., Vanderpump M.P., Varo J.J., Veierød B., Velásquez-Meléndez G., Verschuren M., Viet L., Villalpando S., Vioque J., Vollenweider P., Volpato S., Wang N., Wang Y.X., Ward M., Waspadji S., Welin L.X., Wilhelmsen L., Willeit J., Woodward M., Xavier A.J., Xu F., Xu L., Yamamoto A., Yang G., Yang X., Yeh L.C., Yoon J.S., You Q., Yu Z., Zhang J., Zhang L., Zheng W., Zhou M.
ISSN
1524-4539 (Electronic)
ISSN-L
0009-7322
Publication state
Published
Issued date
2013
Volume
127
Number
14
Pages
1493-1502, 1502e1-8
Language
english
Notes
P. Bovet among 321 collaborators
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that cardiovascular disease risk factors are associated with affluence and Westernization. We investigated the associations of body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, and serum total cholesterol with national income, Western diet, and, for BMI, urbanization in 1980 and 2008.
Country-level risk factor estimates for 199 countries between 1980 and 2008 were from a previous systematic analysis of population-based data. We analyzed the associations between risk factors and per capita national income, a measure of Western diet, and, for BMI, the percentage of the population living in urban areas. In 1980, there was a positive association between national income and population mean BMI, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol. By 2008, the slope of the association between national income and systolic blood pressure became negative for women and zero for men. Total cholesterol was associated with national income and Western diet in both 1980 and 2008. In 1980, BMI rose with national income and then flattened at ≈Int$7000; by 2008, the relationship resembled an inverted U for women, peaking at middle-income levels. BMI had a positive relationship with the percentage of urban population in both 1980 and 2008. Fasting plasma glucose had weaker associations with these country macro characteristics, but it was positively associated with BMI.
The changing associations of metabolic risk factors with macroeconomic variables indicate that there will be a global pandemic of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus, together with high blood pressure in low-income countries, unless effective lifestyle and pharmacological interventions are implemented.
Country-level risk factor estimates for 199 countries between 1980 and 2008 were from a previous systematic analysis of population-based data. We analyzed the associations between risk factors and per capita national income, a measure of Western diet, and, for BMI, the percentage of the population living in urban areas. In 1980, there was a positive association between national income and population mean BMI, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol. By 2008, the slope of the association between national income and systolic blood pressure became negative for women and zero for men. Total cholesterol was associated with national income and Western diet in both 1980 and 2008. In 1980, BMI rose with national income and then flattened at ≈Int$7000; by 2008, the relationship resembled an inverted U for women, peaking at middle-income levels. BMI had a positive relationship with the percentage of urban population in both 1980 and 2008. Fasting plasma glucose had weaker associations with these country macro characteristics, but it was positively associated with BMI.
The changing associations of metabolic risk factors with macroeconomic variables indicate that there will be a global pandemic of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus, together with high blood pressure in low-income countries, unless effective lifestyle and pharmacological interventions are implemented.
Keywords
Adult, Age Distribution, Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Diseases/economics, Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology, Cholesterol/blood, Developing Countries/economics, Developing Countries/statistics & numerical data, Diabetes Mellitus/economics, Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology, Feeding Behavior, Female, Global Health, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia/economics, Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology, Hypertension/economics, Hypertension/epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors, Urbanization, Western World
Pubmed
Web of science
Open Access
Yes
Create date
27/01/2017 10:29
Last modification date
20/10/2020 11:08
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