The Amphibian Short‐Term Assay: Evaluation of a New Ecotoxicological Method for Amphibians Using Two Organophosphate Pesticides Commonly Found in Nature—Assessment of Biochemical, Morphological, and Life‐History Traits

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License: CC BY-NC 4.0
Serval ID
serval:BIB_30C4109AFFB7
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
The Amphibian Short‐Term Assay: Evaluation of a New Ecotoxicological Method for Amphibians Using Two Organophosphate Pesticides Commonly Found in Nature—Assessment of Biochemical, Morphological, and Life‐History Traits
Journal
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Author(s)
Boualit Laurent, Cayuela Hugo, Cattin Loic, Chèvre Nathalie
ISSN
0730-7268
1552-8618
Publication state
Published
Issued date
11/2022
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
41
Number
11
Pages
2688-2699
Language
english
Abstract
Amphibia is the most threatened class among vertebrates, with >40% of the species threatened with extinction. Pollution is thought to alter amphibian population dynamics. With the growing interest in behavioral ecotoxicology, the neurotoxic organophosphate pesticides are of special concern. Understanding how exposure to neurotoxics leads to behavioral alterations is of crucial importance, and mechanistic endpoints should be included in ecotoxicological methods. In the present study, we tested an 8-day assay to evaluate the toxicity of two organophosphates, diazinon and chlorpyrifos, on Xenopus laevis, that is, on biochemical, morphological, and life-history traits related to locomotion capacities. The method involves measuring biomarkers such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD; two indicators of the detoxifying system) in the 8-day-old larvae as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (involved in the nervous system) in 4-day-old embryos and 8-day-old larvae. Snout-to-vent length and snout-to-tail length of 4-day-old embryos and 8-day larvae were recorded as well as the corresponding growth rate. Fin and tail muscle widths were measured as well for testing changes in tail shape. Both tests showed effects of both organophosphates on AChE activity; however, no changes were observed in GST and EROD. Furthermore, exposure to chlorpyrifos demonstrated impacts on morphological and life-history traits, presaging alteration of locomotor traits. In addition, the results suggest a lower sensitivity to chlorpyrifos of 4-day-old embryos compared to 8-day-old larvae. Tests on other organophosphates are needed to test the validity of this method for the whole organophosphate group. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2688–2699. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Keywords
Amphibians, Organic contaminants, Aquatic toxicology
Pubmed
Web of science
Funding(s)
Swiss National Science Foundation / 205321_182182
Create date
30/08/2022 15:37
Last modification date
25/01/2024 8:26
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