Population pharmacokinetic modelling and evaluation of different dosage regimens for darunavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected individuals.

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Serval ID
serval:BIB_1E8FAB4C9089
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Population pharmacokinetic modelling and evaluation of different dosage regimens for darunavir and ritonavir in HIV-infected individuals.
Journal
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Author(s)
Arab-Alameddine M., Lubomirov R., Fayet-Mello A., Aouri M., Rotger M., Buclin T., Widmer N., Gatri M., Ledergerber B., Rentsch K., Cavassini M., Panchaud A., Guidi M., Telenti A., Décosterd L.A., Csajka C.
Working group(s)
Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Contributor(s)
Battegay M., Bernasconi E., Böni J., Bucher HC., Bürgisser P., Calmy A., Cattacin S., Cavassini M., Dubs R., Egger M., Elzi L., Fischer M., Flepp M., Fontana A., Francioli P., Furrer H., Fux CA., Gorgievski M., Günthard H., Hirsch HH., Hirschel B., Hösli I., Kahlert C., Kaiser L., Karrer U., Kind C., Klimkait T., Ledergerber B., Martinetti G., Müller N., Nadal D., Paccaud F., Pantaleo G., Rauch A., Regenass S., Rickenbach M., Rudin C., Schmid P., Schultze D., Schüpbach J., Speck R., de Tejada BM. , Taffé P., Telenti A., Trkola A., Vernazza P., Weber R., Yerly S.
ISSN
1460-2091 (Electronic)
ISSN-L
0305-7453
Publication state
Published
Issued date
2014
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
69
Number
9
Pages
2489-2498
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tPublication Status: ppublish
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Darunavir is a protease inhibitor that is administered with low-dose ritonavir to enhance its bioavailability. It is prescribed at standard dosage regimens of 600/100 mg twice daily in treatment-experienced patients and 800/100 mg once daily in naive patients. A population pharmacokinetic approach was used to characterize the pharmacokinetics of both drugs and their interaction in a cohort of unselected patients and to compare darunavir exposure expected under alternative dosage regimens.
METHODS: The study population included 105 HIV-infected individuals who provided darunavir and ritonavir plasma concentrations. Firstly, a population pharmacokinetic analysis for darunavir and ritonavir was conducted, with inclusion of patients' demographic, clinical and genetic characteristics as potential covariates (NONMEM(®)). Then, the interaction between darunavir and ritonavir was studied while incorporating levels of both drugs into different inhibitory models. Finally, model-based simulations were performed to compare trough concentrations (Cmin) between the recommended dosage regimen and alternative combinations of darunavir and ritonavir.
RESULTS: A one-compartment model with first-order absorption adequately characterized darunavir and ritonavir pharmacokinetics. The between-subject variability in both compounds was important [coefficient of variation (CV%) 34% and 47% for darunavir and ritonavir clearance, respectively]. Lopinavir and ritonavir exposure (AUC) affected darunavir clearance, while body weight and darunavir AUC influenced ritonavir elimination. None of the tested genetic variants showed any influence on darunavir or ritonavir pharmacokinetics. The simulations predicted darunavir Cmin much higher than the IC50 thresholds for wild-type and protease inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 strains (55 and 550 ng/mL, respectively) under standard dosing in >98% of experienced and naive patients. Alternative regimens of darunavir/ritonavir 1200/100 or 1200/200 mg once daily also had predicted adequate Cmin (>550 ng/mL) in 84% and 93% of patients, respectively. Reduction of darunavir/ritonavir dosage to 600/50 mg twice daily led to a 23% reduction in average Cmin, still with only 3.8% of patients having concentrations below the IC50 for resistant strains.
CONCLUSIONS: The important variability in darunavir and ritonavir pharmacokinetics is poorly explained by clinical covariates and genetic influences. In experienced patients, treatment simplification strategies guided by drug level measurements and adherence monitoring could be proposed.
Pubmed
Web of science
Open Access
Yes
Create date
22/05/2014 12:12
Last modification date
14/02/2022 7:54
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