Very specifically, functional behavior assessment is a domain in developmental psychology looking at the reasons behind a child’s observed behavior. More generally, it can be considered as the search for the explanation of human and non-human actions. Towards this goal, computational cognitive neuroscience offers a new range of possibilities that contrast with the usual statistical approaches. An attempt to assess brain functionalities in learning is illustrated here through the simulation of analogical inferences. As a main result of this paper, the mapping of evolutive cognitive schemas onto neural connection structures involving two types of cognitive transfer points out to a possible discontinuity between human and non-human minds.