Vitamin D Supply of Multivitamins Commercialized Online by Amazon in Western and Southern Europe: A Labeling Analysis.

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State: Public
Version: Final published version
License: CC BY 4.0
Serval ID
serval:BIB_153904E4A7E1
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Vitamin D Supply of Multivitamins Commercialized Online by Amazon in Western and Southern Europe: A Labeling Analysis.
Journal
Nutrients
Author(s)
Ponti L., Gabutti L., Faré P.B., Janett S., Bianchetti M.G., Schulz P.J., Lava SAG, Agostoni C., Milani G.P.
ISSN
2072-6643 (Electronic)
ISSN-L
2072-6643
Publication state
Published
Issued date
09/01/2023
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
15
Number
2
Pages
326
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article
Publication Status: epublish
Abstract
Multivitamins are commonly used by the general population, often without medical prescription. The purpose of this report is to inform on the daily vitamin D supply provided by multivitamins containing vitamin D that are commercialized online by Amazon in Western and Southern Europe. We surveyed multivitamins aimed at adults using the following marketplaces: amazon.es®, amazon.de®, amazon.it®, and amazon.fr®. We identified 199 vitamin D3-containing multivitamins sold by Amazon marketplaces: 77 from amazon.es®, 73 from amazon.de®, 33 from amazon.it®, and 16 from amazon.fr®. No multivitamin contained vitamin D2. The daily vitamin D3 supply ranged from 16 to 2000 IU: it was less than 400 IU daily in 108 (54%), 400−800 IU daily in 53 (27%), and more than 800 IU daily in the remaining 38 (19%) products. The vitamin D3 supply of products sold by amazon.it® was on average higher (p < 0.05) than that of products sold by amazon.de®, amazon.fr®, and amazon.es®. In conclusion, the vitamin D supply of multivitamins sold by Amazon may be insufficient, marginally sufficient, or adequate for subjects at high risk of hypovitaminosis D such as subjects 65 years or more of age, pregnant (or lactating) women, or patients on drug treatment or with an underlying disease, where a vitamin D supplementation is advocated.
Keywords
Adult, Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Vitamin D, Lactation, Vitamins/therapeutic use, Cholecalciferol/therapeutic use, Vitamin D Deficiency/prevention & control, Vitamin D Deficiency/drug therapy, Europe, Dietary Supplements, Amazon, multivitamins, online shopping, overdose, vitamin D
Pubmed
Web of science
Open Access
Yes
Create date
31/01/2023 17:19
Last modification date
23/01/2024 8:21
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