This systematic review explored the psychological impact of stillbirth (from
20 weeks gestation) on mothers. A search was conducted in the National
Library for Health and Web of Science, Cochrane Review, and Google
Scholar. A secondary search based on results from the preliminary search was
undertaken. A systematic search identified 26 articles (8 qualitative, 18
quantitative studies), which met criteria and were reviewed according to
guidelines. The findings revealed that stillbirth is a distressing experience that
can result in high levels of psychological symptoms including anxiety,
depression, distress, and negative well-being. Symptoms appear to be highest
in the first few months post loss although there is evidence to suggest that for
some, symptoms may persist up to 3 years. The long-lasting impact of
stillbirth on women was echoed in the qualitative research. Risk factors for
higher levels of anxious and depressive symptoms included higher parity at
the time of loss and not being married. Social support in particular was
identified to be beneficial for women post loss. Longitudinal studies utilizing
designs which permit causality to be determined are required to explore the
specific experience of stillbirth. Further exploration of risk and protective
factors, cultural beliefs, and the impact on partner relationships is needed.
Clinical implications of the findings are discussed in light of current guidance.