Le Sort ou la Raison. Persistance et disparition du tirage au sort en Suisse (1798-1831)
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Serval ID
serval:BIB_108F6ACF87FF
Type
PhD thesis: a PhD thesis.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Le Sort ou la Raison. Persistance et disparition du tirage au sort en Suisse (1798-1831)
Director(s)
Sintomer Yves, Fontana Biancamaria
Institution details
Université de Lausanne, Faculté des sciences sociales et politiques
Publication state
Accepted
Issued date
01/08/2021
Language
french
Abstract
L’usage du tirage au sort en politique est aujourd’hui souvent associé à une pratique de la démocratie et semble s’opposer à l’élection. Pourtant, le tirage au sort est une technique historiquement très liée aux républiques aristocratiques où il était utilisé pour son impartialité dans des procédures complexes le mêlant constamment à l’élection et à des restrictions de la citoyenneté. Les expériences suisses du tirage au sort sont variées et tardives et elles représentent un terrain propice pour comprendre la disparition de la sélection aléatoire à la charnière du 18e et du 19e siècle. Face au tirage au sort « aveugle » (blinde Loos), les révolutions modernes sacrent les idées héritées du siècle des Lumières et de la raison éclairée. Elles couronnent une philosophie politique et sociale à l’opposé de tout ce qui est invisible, incontrôlable et irrationnel. Ce changement permet de comprendre les fondements idéels des nouvelles institutions libérales-républicaines qui s’imposent à ce moment et avec lesquels le tirage au sort n’est plus compatible. Ceux-ci valorisent le mérite, la volonté et le choix, le pluralisme des intérêts et une toute nouvelle forme de la représentation-mandat. Cette réflexion, fondée sur l’examen de sources primaires, apporte ainsi de nouveaux éléments à l’énigme de la disparition du tirage au sort et, par effet miroir, à l’analyse de sa réapparition dans nos systèmes contemporains toujours marqués par ces imaginaires.
The use of random selection in politics is nowadays often associated with one specific type of democracy and appears to be opposed to the election. However, the selection by lot is a technique historically very much linked to aristocratic republics where it was used for its impartiality in complex procedures constantly mixed with election and restrictions of citizenship. The Swiss experiences of sortition are diverse and go back in time, and they represent a fertile ground for understanding the vanishing of random selection at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. Faced with the "blind" drawing of lots (blinde Loos), the modern revolutions crowned the ideas inherited from the Enlightenment and enlightened reason. They developed a political and social philosophy opposed to all that is invisible, uncontrollable and irrational. This change makes it possible to understand the ideal foundations of the new liberal- republican institutions that were imposed at that time and with which the selection by lot is no longer compatible. These value merit, choice, pluralism of interests and an entirely new form of representation-mandate. This analysis, based on the examination of primary sources, brings new elements to the enigma of the vanishing of selection by lot and, by mirror, to the analysis of its reappearance in our contemporary systems still marked by these imaginaries.
The use of random selection in politics is nowadays often associated with one specific type of democracy and appears to be opposed to the election. However, the selection by lot is a technique historically very much linked to aristocratic republics where it was used for its impartiality in complex procedures constantly mixed with election and restrictions of citizenship. The Swiss experiences of sortition are diverse and go back in time, and they represent a fertile ground for understanding the vanishing of random selection at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. Faced with the "blind" drawing of lots (blinde Loos), the modern revolutions crowned the ideas inherited from the Enlightenment and enlightened reason. They developed a political and social philosophy opposed to all that is invisible, uncontrollable and irrational. This change makes it possible to understand the ideal foundations of the new liberal- republican institutions that were imposed at that time and with which the selection by lot is no longer compatible. These value merit, choice, pluralism of interests and an entirely new form of representation-mandate. This analysis, based on the examination of primary sources, brings new elements to the enigma of the vanishing of selection by lot and, by mirror, to the analysis of its reappearance in our contemporary systems still marked by these imaginaries.
Keywords
tirage au sort, sortition, random selection, démocratie, démocratie représentative, gouvernement représentatif, Suisse
Funding(s)
Swiss National Science Foundation / Projects / 163126
Create date
14/12/2018 15:09
Last modification date
21/09/2021 8:21