Anatomo-Functional Origins of the Cortical Silent Period: Spotlight on the Basal Ganglia.

Details

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State: Public
Version: Final published version
License: CC BY 4.0
Serval ID
serval:BIB_0859EF4838FE
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Publication sub-type
Review (review): journal as complete as possible of one specific subject, written based on exhaustive analyses from published work.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Anatomo-Functional Origins of the Cortical Silent Period: Spotlight on the Basal Ganglia.
Journal
Brain sciences
Author(s)
Zeugin D., Ionta S.
ISSN
2076-3425 (Print)
ISSN-L
2076-3425
Publication state
Published
Issued date
27/05/2021
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
11
Number
6
Pages
705
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article ; Review
Publication Status: epublish
Abstract
The so-called cortical silent period (CSP) refers to the temporary interruption of electromyographic signal from a muscle following a motor-evoked potential (MEP) triggered by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1). The neurophysiological origins of the CSP are debated. Previous evidence suggests that both spinal and cortical mechanisms may account for the duration of the CSP. However, contextual factors such as cortical fatigue, experimental procedures, attentional load, as well as neuropathology can also influence the CSP duration. The present paper summarizes the most relevant evidence on the mechanisms underlying the duration of the CSP, with a particular focus on the central role of the basal ganglia in the "direct" (excitatory), "indirect" (inhibitory), and "hyperdirect" cortico-subcortical pathways to manage cortical motor inhibition. We propose new methods of interpretation of the CSP related, at least partially, to the inhibitory hyperdirect and indirect pathways in the basal ganglia. This view may help to explain the respective shortening and lengthening of the CSP in various neurological disorders. Shedding light on the complexity of the CSP's origins, the present review aims at constituting a reference for future work in fundamental research, technological development, and clinical settings.
Keywords
basal ganglia, cortical inhibition, hyperdirect pathway, neurological disorders, review
Pubmed
Web of science
Open Access
Yes
Create date
14/06/2021 9:40
Last modification date
22/07/2022 6:37
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