To reduce malaria-attributable mortality, there is a need to improve the diagnosis, to develop new drugs and vaccines, and to promote evidence-based case management. Following a case/control study aimed at identifying clinical and laboratory predictors of malaria, we made a systematic review on fever in returning travelers. We then developed evidence-based guidelines for these febrile patients. The next step is to assess the feasibility and safety of these web-based guidelines in the context of primary care. As far as the prevention is concerned, the Medical Outpatient Clinic (MOC) is collaborating to the pre-clinical and clinical development of several malaria vaccines: one of them (Combination B), including three proteins of the asexual blood stage (MSP1, MSP2, RESA), has already shown a remarkable efficacy to reduce parasite density in Papua New Guinean children: The MOC is thus heavily involved in research for the health of travelers, as well as the one of populations living in poor countries. Prevention and treatment of defavorised populations represents indeed one of the specific mission of the Medical Outpatient Clinic.