Intraretinal hemorrhage is a relatively common clinical manifestation associated with various aetiologies. Our knowledge is, however, very limited regarding the ultrastructural changes that they can generate on the retina and the clinical significance thereof. Patients and Methods Clinicopathologic study of patients presenting sub-ILM macular hemorrhages for various aetiologies. All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy associated with ILM peel. Results The study included 5 patients with Terson’s Syndrome, 2 cases of ruptured macroaneurysms and 3 cases of Valsalva retin- opathy. Cellular proliferations identified on the retinal surface of the excised ILM in 6 specimens that included transdifferentiated RPE cells, glial cells and macrophages simulating a proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR)-type response. The cellular proliferation was positively correlated to the delay of the surgery while visual recovery was inversely correlated to the delay of the surgery. Con- clusions Cellular proliferation, similar to that seen in PVR epireti- nal membranes occurs within the neuroretina after haemorrhage, specifically beneath the ILM. This might prevent complete visual recovery after haemorrhage re-absorption and could justify early surgical intervention.