Hepatitis B virus in transfusion medicine: still a problem?

Details

Serval ID
serval:BIB_EF8625147718
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Publication sub-type
Review (review): journal as complete as possible of one specific subject, written based on exhaustive analyses from published work.
Collection
Publications
Title
Hepatitis B virus in transfusion medicine: still a problem?
Journal
Biologicals : Journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization
Author(s)
Allain J.P., Candotti D.
Working group(s)
ISBT HBV Safety Collaborative Group
Contributor(s)
Abolghasemi H., Arslan O., Ayob Y., Belkhiri D., Bianco L., Bird A., Bon EH., Boukef K., Brojer E., Crookes R., Dodd R., Echevarria JM., El Chaar M., ElEkiaby M., ElSiddigh A., Erikstrup C., Foglieni B., Garmiri P., Ghiazza P., Gonzales-Fraile I., Grabarczyk P., Harritshøj LH., Hatzakis A., Hullum J., Iudicone P., Lam S., Laperche S., Lelie N., Levi J., Levicnik-Stezinar S., Li C., Lin CK., Lin SJ., Loua A., Manzini P., Meldal B., Mihaljevic I., Niederhauser C., O'Brien S., Osselaer JC., Owusu-Ofori S., Pischl L., Prati D., Roig R., Sakul T., Sauleda S., Schmidt S., Stolz M., Stramer S., Vessberg S., Teo D., Tedder R., Vermeulen M., Wendel S., Zadeh H.
ISSN
1095-8320 (Electronic)
ISSN-L
1045-1056
Publication state
Published
Issued date
2012
Volume
40
Number
3
Pages
180-186
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article ; Review Publication Status: ppublish
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has probably evolved with humans for nearly 35,000 years. HBV diversified into 9 genotypes (A-I) presenting specific features directing epidemiology, clinical expression and testing. Genotypes E and C are more infectious and carry higher risk of chronicity and cancer. HBsAg blood screening implemented 40 years ago enormously decreased the risk of transfusion transmission but the remaining risk requires extremely sensitive nucleic acid testing (NAT) to be removed. Limitations of the host immune system, the impact of immunodeficiency and the mechanisms utilised for viral persistence were recently identified. HBV replication produces excess HBsAg and infectious and defective viral particles but screening assays for HBsAg or viral particles alone do not allow fully efficient detection, making necessary screening for both. The host immune system fails to completely control the virus that escapes and persists unrecognized at very low levels or as immuno-selected variants. Variants may not be identified by assays, explaining false negative results. Specific mutations may affect post-transcriptional mechanisms including HBV RNA splicing. Asymptomatic HBV infected blood donors are at risk of long-term complications through mechanisms to be understood for appropriate counselling. Infectivity of occult HBV infection (OBI) by transfusion appears low, anti-HBc (anti-core antigen) only being more infectious than anti-HBs (anti-S protein) positive units.
Keywords
Blood Donors, Blood Transfusion, DNA, Viral/blood, DNA, Viral/genetics, Genetic Testing/methods, Hepatitis B/blood, Hepatitis B/diagnosis, Hepatitis B virus/genetics, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity
Pubmed
Web of science
Create date
09/11/2014 16:53
Last modification date
20/08/2019 17:17
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