Recent Findings in Onychomycosis and Their Application for Appropriate Treatment.

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Version: Final published version
License: CC BY 4.0
Serval ID
serval:BIB_A50803D4773B
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Publication sub-type
Review (review): journal as complete as possible of one specific subject, written based on exhaustive analyses from published work.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Recent Findings in Onychomycosis and Their Application for Appropriate Treatment.
Journal
Journal of fungi
Author(s)
Monod M., Méhul B.
ISSN
2309-608X (Electronic)
ISSN-L
2309-608X
Publication state
Published
Issued date
22/02/2019
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
5
Number
1
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article ; Review
Publication Status: epublish
Abstract
Onychomycosis is mainly caused by two dermatophyte species, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale. A study of nail invasion mechanisms revealed that the secreted subtilisin Sub6, which has never been detected under in vitro growth conditions, was the main protease secreted by T. rubrum and T. interdigitale during infection. In contrast, most of the proteases secreted during the digestion of keratin in vitro were not detected in infected nails. The hypothesis that proteases isolated from dermatophytes grown in a keratin medium are virulence factors is no longer supported. Non-dermatophyte fungi can also be infectious agents in nails. It is necessary to identify the infectious fungus in onychomycosis to prescribe adequate treatment, as moulds such as Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp. are insensitive to standard treatments with terbinafine or itraconazole, which are usually applied for dermatophytes. In these refractory cases, topical amphotericin B treatment has shown to be effective. Terbinafine treatment failure against dermatophytes is also possible, and is usually due to resistance caused by a missense mutation in the squalene epoxidase enzyme targeted by the drug. Trichophyton resistance to terbinafine treatment is an emerging problem, and a switch to azole-based treatment may be necessary to cure such cases of onychomycosis.
Keywords
Acremonium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Trichophyton, amphotericin B, antifungal drug resistance, itraconazole, onychomycosis, terbinafine
Pubmed
Open Access
Yes
Create date
07/04/2019 14:35
Last modification date
16/02/2021 6:27
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