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Sopio Chochua, Valérie D'Acremont, Christiane Hanke, David Alfa, Joshua Shak, Mary Kilowoko, Esther Kyungu, Laurent Kaiser, Blaise Genton, Keith P. Klugman, Jorge E. Vidal
Increased Nasopharyngeal Density and Concurrent Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis Are Associated with Pneumonia in Febrile Children
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
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(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(described)Tj
-33.3862 -1.2983 Td
(elsewhere)Tj
4.1045 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(Briefly,)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(enrollment)Tj
4.6544 0 Td
(period)Tj
2.8347 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(April)Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(August)Tj
3.0841 0 Td
(2008)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(patients)Tj
3.3675 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.4101 -1.2982 Td
(Dar)Tj
1.7574 0 Td
(es)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(Salaam)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(June)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(December)Tj
4.3483 0 Td
(2008)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(those)Tj
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3.2428 0 Td
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-34.2876 -1.3039 Td
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5.125 0 Td
(of)Tj
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0 Tc
1.0148 0 Td
()Tj
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-0.004 Tc
0.9921 0 Td
(38C)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(requiring)Tj
3.9685 0 Td
(no)Tj
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(immediate)Tj
4.5014 0 Td
(lifesaving)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(procedures)Tj
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(assessed)Tj
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-35.0813 -1.2983 Td
(inclusion)Tj
3.9061 0 Td
(criteria:)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(1\))Tj
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(first)Tj
1.7972 0 Td
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(the)Tj
1.4626 0 Td
(present)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(illness,)Tj
2.8914 0 Td
(2\))Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(fever)Tj
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(duration)Tj
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0 Tc
3.6907 0 Td
()Tj
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0.9865 0 Td
(1)Tj
0.6859 0 Td
(week,)Tj
2.4605 0 Td
(3\))Tj
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(chief)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(reason)Tj
-34.9509 -1.2983 Td
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1.3832 0 Td
(visit)Tj
1.8709 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(injury/trauma,)Tj
6.0888 0 Td
(4\))Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(antimalarial)Tj
5.0173 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(antibiotic)Tj
4.0365 0 Td
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2.9253 0 Td
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2.4717 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(5\))Tj
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(no)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(severe)Tj
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(malnutrition.)Tj
5.5786 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.907 0 Td
(questionnaire)Tj
5.7033 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(clinical)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(examination)Tj
5.2328 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(adminis-)Tj
-33.5393 -1.2983 Td
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1.2018 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
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2.0296 0 Td
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1.0148 0 Td
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2.6135 0 Td
(enrollment)Tj
4.6544 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
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4.2349 0 Td
(Program)Tj
3.7474 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
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6.0094 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(Tanza-)Tj
-34.2819 -1.2982 Td
(nia)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(did)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(include)Tj
3.1804 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(pneumococcal)Tj
6.0208 0 Td
(vaccine)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(or)Tj
/F15 1 Tf
1.0998 0 Td
[()31(\r)6()2()6()11()10()18()4()12()-4( )]TJ
5.4198 0 Td
[()12(\n)11()-36()12()4()2(\n)-3(\r)6()]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
4.2576 0 Td
(vaccine.)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
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-32.6492 -1.3039 Td
(approval)Tj
3.702 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
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5.1647 0 Td
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3.0954 0 Td
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2.6362 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(Ifakara)Tj
3.0161 0 Td
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2.9196 0 Td
(Institute)Tj
3.583 0 Td
(\(IHI/IRB/No.)Tj
5.6749 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.9014 0 Td
(60\))Tj
-35.8296 -1.2983 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
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3.6907 0 Td
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3.583 0 Td
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3.4356 0 Td
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3.8041 0 Td
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3.0954 0 Td
(Board)Tj
2.6419 0 Td
(\(NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/823\))Tj
-24.837 -1.2983 Td
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1.0318 0 Td
(Tanzania,)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
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1.0148 0 Td
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1.8198 0 Td
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1.4684 0 Td
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7.336 0 Td
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2.7382 0 Td
(Basel)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(\(EKBB)Tj
2.9594 0 Td
(130/09\))Tj
3.2712 0 Td
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1.0318 0 Td
(Switzerland.)Tj
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Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 461.707 cm
BT
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4.3275 0 Td
(of)Tj
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Q
q
1 j
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10 0 0 10 200.0125 444.6992 cm
BT
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(the)Tj
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-33.9531 -1.2982 Td
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5.5219 0 Td
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3.6056 0 Td
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4.2066 0 Td
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3.5887 0 Td
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3.067 0 Td
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1.0148 0 Td
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3.6454 0 Td
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-33.5676 -1.2983 Td
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1.644 0 Td
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3.2032 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
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(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
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2.5795 0 Td
(respiratory)Tj
4.5978 0 Td
(infection)Tj
3.7871 0 Td
(\(ARI\))Tj
2.5511 0 Td
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1.6951 0 Td
(defined)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
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1.0148 0 Td
(any)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(acute)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(\()Tj
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0 Tc
()Tj
/F10 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
(1)Tj
1.8085 0 Td
(week\))Tj
2.5852 0 Td
(infec-)Tj
-34.7525 -1.3039 Td
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(manifested)Tj
4.6091 0 Td
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1.1792 0 Td
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0.9524 0 Td
(least)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(respiratory)Tj
4.5978 0 Td
(sign)Tj
1.8595 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(symptom)Tj
3.9969 0 Td
(localized)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(upper)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
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-33.698 -1.2983 Td
(respiratory)Tj
4.5977 0 Td
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2.0409 0 Td
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1.7348 0 Td
(divided)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
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1.0375 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(categories:)Tj
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(clinical)Tj
3.0728 0 Td
(pneumonia)Tj
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(upper)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(respiratory)Tj
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(tract)Tj
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3.7927 0 Td
(\(URTI\).)Tj
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3.7984 0 Td
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1.9956 0 Td
(clinical)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(pneumonia)Tj
4.8132 0 Td
(were)Tj
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(further)Tj
3.0273 0 Td
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3.2202 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(categories)Tj
-32.5755 -1.2983 Td
(based)Tj
2.4717 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(chest)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(radiography)Tj
5.0967 0 Td
(\(CXR\))Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(findings,)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(according)Tj
4.1896 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(WHO)Tj
2.6985 0 Td
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6.0661 0 Td
(Trials)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
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-35.6085 -1.3039 Td
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1.9162 0 Td
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4.7395 0 Td
(recommendations)Tj
7.5004 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(16)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7404 0 Td
(17)Tj
0 g
(]:)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(alveolar)Tj
3.3336 0 Td
(consolidation)Tj
5.6635 0 Td
(and/or)Tj
2.9424 0 Td
(pleural)Tj
2.982 0 Td
(effusion)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(was)Tj
-35.9827 -1.2983 Td
(categorized)Tj
4.7735 0 Td
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1.0148 0 Td
(endpoint)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(pneumonia;)Tj
5.0399 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(infiltrates)Tj
4.0252 0 Td
(\(that)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(children)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(corresponded)Tj
-31.1638 -1.2982 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(peribronchial)Tj
5.6296 0 Td
(thickening)Tj
4.4843 0 Td
(+/-)Tj
1.4797 0 Td
(atelectasis,)Tj
4.4164 0 Td
(compatible)Tj
4.6658 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(clinical)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(entity)Tj
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(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(bronchiolitis\),)Tj
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(were)Tj
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(categorized)Tj
4.7735 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(pneumonia)Tj
4.8132 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(infiltrates;)Tj
4.2463 0 Td
(normal)Tj
3.1464 0 Td
(radiography)Tj
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(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(categorized)Tj
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1.9956 0 Td
(normal)Tj
3.1465 0 Td
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2.3867 0 Td
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2.7893 0 Td
(febrile)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(disease)Tj
3.016 0 Td
(\(whenever)Tj
4.4164 0 Td
(due)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(ARI)Tj
1.8709 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0941 0 Td
(another)Tj
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(one)Tj
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1.0148 0 Td
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(features:)Tj
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(respiratory)Tj
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(impaired)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(consciousness,)Tj
6.0661 0 Td
(seizures,)Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(meningismus,)Tj
5.8564 0 Td
(cardiovascular)Tj
5.9981 0 Td
(failure,)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(renal)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(failure,)Tj
-32.8703 -1.2983 Td
(severe)Tj
2.6758 0 Td
(anemia)Tj
3.1465 0 Td
(\(hemoglobin)Tj
/F16 1 Tf
0 Tc
5.3801 0 Td
(<)Tj
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-0.004 Tc
(5)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(g/dl\),)Tj
2.3528 0 Td
(severe)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(dehydration,)Tj
5.3347 0 Td
(jaundice,)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(severe)Tj
2.6758 0 Td
(malnutrition.)Tj
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Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 235.3322 cm
BT
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4.6157 0 Td
(collection)Tj
4.3276 0 Td
(and)Tj
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Q
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BT
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(NP)Tj
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(swabs)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
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(collected)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(according)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(recommendations)Tj
7.5004 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(WHO)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(immediately)Tj
-32.6152 -1.3039 Td
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2.7099 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(1)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(ml)Tj
1.2869 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(STGG)Tj
2.7382 0 Td
(\(skim-milk,)Tj
4.9096 0 Td
(tryptone,)Tj
3.8608 0 Td
(glucose)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(glycerol\))Tj
3.702 0 Td
(transport)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(medium)Tj
3.6057 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
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-34.384 -1.2982 Td
(vortexed)Tj
3.6906 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(20)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(s)Tj
0.5782 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(swabs)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
(inside)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(release)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
(bacteria)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(STGG)Tj
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(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(frozen)Tj
2.7723 0 Td
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0.9524 0 Td
(-80C)Tj
-34.2876 -1.2983 Td
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(further)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
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ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
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11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 151.9937 cm
BT
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1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
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(DNA)Tj
2.3102 0 Td
(extraction)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
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2.2063 0 Td
(nasopharyngeal)Tj
7.2379 0 Td
(swabs)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 134.9858 cm
BT
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1.3946 0 Td
(DNA)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(extractions)Tj
4.6204 0 Td
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2.1203 0 Td
(performed)Tj
4.4731 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(access-restricted)Tj
6.7634 0 Td
(laboratory)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(room)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(utilized)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9785 0 Td
(for)Tj
-35.926 -1.2982 Td
(processing)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(clinical)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(samples)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7234 0 Td
(under)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6463 0 Td
(biological)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(safety)Tj
2.4775 0 Td
(cabinet)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(sterile)Tj
2.6022 0 Td
(environment.)Tj
5.6579 0 Td
(Fro-)Tj
-35.841 -1.2983 Td
(zen)Tj
1.6043 0 Td
(NP)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(samples)Tj
3.3846 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(thawed)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(room)Tj
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(temperature)Tj
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