Scholars of the enduring rivalries literature have focused on the patterns of rivalry escalation to wars and its subsequent effects on international wars. Similarly, the human rights literature posit that countries engaged in wars tend to have worst human rights records than others. Which effects do rivalries dynamics on human rights violations? In this study, I combine the rivalry literature with the human rights literature to try to answer this question. I posit that hostility levels expressed by a country participating in an enduring rivalry as well as the number of rivalries and disputes in which it is engaged any given year should have a negative effect on human rights. Conversely, the level of hostility experienced by an enduring rival should positively affect human rights. I conduct a times-series cross-sectional analysis from 1976 to 2001 on two different measures of human rights. I find mixed support for the proposed hypotheses.