The neonatal constant region fragment receptor (FcRn) binds and transports IgG. FcRn expression in the upper tracheobronchial airways of the lung is recognized. In this study, we sought to characterize the functional expression of FcRn within alveolar regions of lung tissue.
FcRn immunohistochemistry was performed on intact rat lung. FcRn expression [Western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunofluorescence microscopy] and IgG transport functionality were assessed in an in vitro rat alveolar epithelial primary cell culture model. An isolated perfused rat lung model was used to examine IgG transport across pulmonary epithelium from airspace to perfusate.
FcRn is expressed in intact alveolar epithelium, substantiated by expression and functionality in an in vitro alveolar epithelial model within which IgG transport was temperature sensitive, concentration dependent, and inhibited by excess unlabeled IgG and, to a disproportionate level, by anti-FcRn antibody. Saturable IgG transport across pulmonary epithelium was evident in an isolated perfused rat lung, inhibitable by competing IgG, and displayed a relatively low maximal net IgG absorptive rate of approximately 80 ng/h.
Pulmonary epithelium expresses functional FcRn providing an absorption pathway potentially important for highly potent Fcgamma-fusion proteins but unlikely to be of quantitative significance for the systemic delivery of inhaled therapeutic monoclonal IgGs.