Teicoplanin versus vancomycin for prophylaxis of experimental Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis in rats

Details

Serval ID
serval:BIB_661E77661557
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Teicoplanin versus vancomycin for prophylaxis of experimental Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis in rats
Journal
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Author(s)
Entenza  J. M., Calandra  T., Moosmann  Y., Malinverni  R., Glauser  M. P.
ISSN
0066-4804 (Print)
Publication state
Published
Issued date
06/1992
Volume
36
Number
6
Pages
1256-62
Notes
Comparative Study
Journal Article --- Old month value: Jun
Abstract
Teicoplanin was compared with vancomycin for the prophylaxis of experimental Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis in rats. Single intravenous doses of teicoplanin (7 mg/kg of body weight) or vancomycin (15 mg/kg) were given 30 min before bacterial challenge. Two strains of E. faecalis (309 and 1209) isolated from patients with endocarditis were tested. Bacterial inocula ranged from 10(4) (i.e., the inoculum infecting 90% of the control rats [ID90]) to 10(7) CFU/ml. The MICs and MBCs of teicoplanin and vancomycin were, respectively, 0.25 to greater than 128 mg/liter and 2 to greater than 128 mg/liter for strain 309 and 0.5 to greater than 128 mg/liter and 0.5 to greater than 128 mg/liter for strain 1209. Vancomycin prevented endocarditis only in 60% (strain 309) and in 87% (strain 1209) of rats challenged with the smallest bacterial-inoculum size (ID90), whereas teicoplanin prevented endocarditis in 100% of rats challenged with the same inoculum (strain 309; P = 0.05), in 87% of rats challenged with 10 times the ID90 (strain 309; P = 0.02), and in 95% of rats challenged with 100 times the ID90 (strain 1209; P = 0.0003). The combination of teicoplanin plus gentamicin (4 mg/kg) extended the protection to inocula 100 times the ID90 (strain 309; 96% of sterile animals) and 1,000 times the ID90 (strain 1209; 100% of sterile animals). Prevention of endocarditis was likely to be due to a prolonged inhibition of bacterial growth by sustained levels of teicoplanin in serum and not to bacterial killing. Indeed, teicoplanin did not exhibit any bactericidal activity either in vitro (time-kill curves) or in vivo (serum bactericidal activity). Teicoplanin proved to be superior to vancomycin in the prophylaxis of experimental E. faecalis endocarditis in rats.
Keywords
Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use Drug Therapy, Combination/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use Endocarditis, Bacterial/*drug therapy/microbiology *Enterococcus faecalis Female Gentamicins/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/*drug therapy/microbiology Rats Rats, Wistar Teicoplanin/pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use Vancomycin/pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use
Pubmed
Web of science
Create date
24/01/2008 13:45
Last modification date
20/08/2019 14:22
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