How astrocytes feed hungry neurons.

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Version: Final published version
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Serval ID
serval:BIB_35677
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Publication sub-type
Review (review): journal as complete as possible of one specific subject, written based on exhaustive analyses from published work.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
How astrocytes feed hungry neurons.
Journal
Molecular Neurobiology
Author(s)
Pellerin L.
ISSN
0893-7648
Publication state
Published
Issued date
2005
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
32
Number
1
Pages
59-72
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article
Abstract
For years glucose was thought to constitute the sole energy substrate for neurons; it was believed to be directly provided to neurons via the extracellular space by the cerebral circulation. It was recently proposed that in addition to glucose, neurons might rely on lactate to sustain their activity. Therefore, it was demonstrated that lactate is a preferred oxidative substrate for neurons not only in vitro but also in vivo. Moreover, the presence of specific monocarboxylate transporters on neurons as well as on astrocytes is consistent with the hypothesis of a transfer of lactate from astrocytes to neurons. Evidence has been provided for a mechanism whereby astrocytes respond to glutamatergic activity by enhancing their glycolytic activity, resulting in increased lactate release. This is accomplished via the uptake of glutamate by glial glutamate transporters, leading to activation of the Na+/K+ ATPase and a stimulation of astrocytic glycolysis. Several recent observations obtained both in vitro and in vivo with different approaches have reinforced this view of brain energetics. Such an understanding might be critically important, not only because it forms the basis of some classical functional brain imaging techniques but also because several neurodegenerative diseases exhibit diverse alterations in energy metabolism.
Keywords
Animals, Astrocytes/physiology, Brain/physiology, Cell Communication, Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology, Humans, Models, Neurological, Neurons/physiology, Oxygen Consumption
Pubmed
Web of science
Open Access
Yes
Create date
19/11/2007 12:34
Last modification date
14/02/2022 7:54
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