National, regional, and global trends in serum total cholesterol since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 321 country-years and 3·0 million participants.
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Serval ID
serval:BIB_1A767C7872BA
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
National, regional, and global trends in serum total cholesterol since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 321 country-years and 3·0 million participants.
Journal
Lancet (London, England)
Working group(s)
Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group (Cholesterol)
Contributor(s)
Farzadfar F., Finucane M.M., Danaei G., Pelizzari P.M., Cowan M.J., Paciorek C.J., Singh G.M., Lin J.K., Stevens G.A., Riley L.M., Ezzati M., Salinas C.A., Al Nsour M., Ali M.M., Al-Nuaim A.R., Ambady R., Antonio M., Azizi F., Barbagallo C.M., Barbieri M., Barros H., Bautista L.E., Bjerregaard P., Björkelund C., Bovet P., Brekenkamp J., Bursztyn M., de León A.C., Campos H., Capuano V., Castetbon K., Chang C.J., Chen C.J., Choi J.S., Chua L., Cífková R., Costanza M.C., Eggertsen R.W., Esteghamati A., Fan J.G., Ferreccio C., Florez H.J., Fornés N.S., Fowkes F.G., Franceschini G., Frisk F., Giampaoli S., Gómez L.F., Gomez-Zumaquero J.M., Graff -Iversen S., Carvajal R.G., Gupta R., Hansen T.W., Hata J., He J., Herrera V.M., Ho S.C., Frisman G.H., Ikeda N., Jaddou H.Y., Jafar T.H., Janghorbani M., Joffres M.R., Jonas J.B., Kadiki O.A., Karalis I., Kastarinen M.J., Katz J., Khalilzadeh O., Khang Y.H., Kiechl S., Kobayashi J., Kubínová R., Lam T.H., Lawes C.M., Lee J., Lim S., Lin H.H., Lin X., Lin C.C., Ma S., MacLean D.R., Magliano D.J., Mannami T., Marques-Vidal P., Miettola J., Miquel J.F., Miranda J.J., Mohamed M.K., Mohan V., Mokdad A., Mollentze W.F., Morales D.D., Muiesan L.M., Nabipour I., Nangia V., Nerhus K.A., Neuhauser H., Oh S.W., Ohkubo T., Onat A., Oróstegui M., Pan W.H., Panagiotakos D.B., Panza F., Passos V.M., Pérez C., Pichardo R., Phua H.P., Polakowska M., Rafiei M., Ramos L.R., Reddy K.K., Redon J., Revilla L., Roaeid R.B., Ronkainen K., Roth G.A., Sanisoglu S.Y., Sarraf-Zadegan N., Schooling C.M., Schwarz B., Silva E., Simons L.A., Solfrizzi V., Stein A.D., Stessman J., Suka M., Swai A.B., Tai E.S., Thomas G.N., Thorogood M., Tuomilehto J.O., Unwin N., Vander Hoorn S., Vanderpump M.P., Volpato S., Welin L.X., Willeit J., Woodward M., Xu L., Yamamoto A., Yang X., Yeh L.C., Yoon J.S., You Q., Zhang J.
ISSN
1474-547X (Electronic)
ISSN-L
0140-6736
Publication state
Published
Issued date
12/02/2011
Volume
377
Number
9765
Pages
578-586
Language
english
Notes
P. Bovet among 147 collaborators
Abstract
Data for trends in serum cholesterol are needed to understand the effects of its dietary, lifestyle, and pharmacological determinants; set intervention priorities; and evaluate national programmes. Previous analyses of trends in serum cholesterol were limited to a few countries, with no consistent and comparable global analysis. We estimated worldwide trends in population mean serum total cholesterol.
We estimated trends and their uncertainties in mean serum total cholesterol for adults 25 years and older in 199 countries and territories. We obtained data from published and unpublished health examination surveys and epidemiological studies (321 country-years and 3·0 million participants). For each sex, we used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate mean total cholesterol by age, country, and year, accounting for whether a study was nationally representative.
In 2008, age-standardised mean total cholesterol worldwide was 4·64 mmol/L (95% uncertainty interval 4·51-4·76) for men and 4·76 mmol/L (4·62-4·91) for women. Globally, mean total cholesterol changed little between 1980 and 2008, falling by less than 0·1 mmol/L per decade in men and women. Total cholesterol fell in the high-income region consisting of Australasia, North America, and western Europe, and in central and eastern Europe; the regional declines were about 0·2 mmol/L per decade for both sexes, with posterior probabilities of these being true declines 0·99 or greater. Mean total cholesterol increased in east and southeast Asia and Pacific by 0·08 mmol/L per decade (-0·06 to 0·22, posterior probability=0·86) in men and 0·09 mmol/L per decade (-0·07 to 0·26, posterior probability=0·86) in women. Despite converging trends, serum total cholesterol in 2008 was highest in the high-income region consisting of Australasia, North America, and western Europe; the regional mean was 5·24 mmol/L (5·08-5·39) for men and 5·23 mmol/L (5·03-5·43) for women. It was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa at 4·08 mmol/L (3·82-4·34) for men and 4·27 mmol/L (3·99-4·56) for women.
Nutritional policies and pharmacological interventions should be used to accelerate improvements in total cholesterol in regions with decline and to curb or prevent the rise in Asian populations and elsewhere. Population-based surveillance of cholesterol needs to be improved in low-income and middle-income countries.
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and WHO.
We estimated trends and their uncertainties in mean serum total cholesterol for adults 25 years and older in 199 countries and territories. We obtained data from published and unpublished health examination surveys and epidemiological studies (321 country-years and 3·0 million participants). For each sex, we used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate mean total cholesterol by age, country, and year, accounting for whether a study was nationally representative.
In 2008, age-standardised mean total cholesterol worldwide was 4·64 mmol/L (95% uncertainty interval 4·51-4·76) for men and 4·76 mmol/L (4·62-4·91) for women. Globally, mean total cholesterol changed little between 1980 and 2008, falling by less than 0·1 mmol/L per decade in men and women. Total cholesterol fell in the high-income region consisting of Australasia, North America, and western Europe, and in central and eastern Europe; the regional declines were about 0·2 mmol/L per decade for both sexes, with posterior probabilities of these being true declines 0·99 or greater. Mean total cholesterol increased in east and southeast Asia and Pacific by 0·08 mmol/L per decade (-0·06 to 0·22, posterior probability=0·86) in men and 0·09 mmol/L per decade (-0·07 to 0·26, posterior probability=0·86) in women. Despite converging trends, serum total cholesterol in 2008 was highest in the high-income region consisting of Australasia, North America, and western Europe; the regional mean was 5·24 mmol/L (5·08-5·39) for men and 5·23 mmol/L (5·03-5·43) for women. It was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa at 4·08 mmol/L (3·82-4·34) for men and 4·27 mmol/L (3·99-4·56) for women.
Nutritional policies and pharmacological interventions should be used to accelerate improvements in total cholesterol in regions with decline and to curb or prevent the rise in Asian populations and elsewhere. Population-based surveillance of cholesterol needs to be improved in low-income and middle-income countries.
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and WHO.
Keywords
Adult, Bayes Theorem, Cholesterol/blood, Female, Global Health, Health Surveys, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy, Income, Male, Nutrition Policy, Socioeconomic Factors
Pubmed
Create date
10/01/2017 11:39
Last modification date
20/08/2019 13:51
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