The purpose of this study is to investigate potential factors predicting complete recovery of visual acuity following surgery for macula off retinal detachment (RD).
Retrospective review of patients operated for macula-off RD at Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital between January 2015 and December 2016. The study included patients with visual acuity recovery of 0 LogMAR. A control group of 83 patients with comparable baseline characteristics but partial recovery of visual acuity after vitrectomy for macula-off RD was used for statistical comparison analysis.
Seventy-four patients, 46 males (62%) and 28 females (38%), were included. Mean age was 65 years (standard deviation: 12). Median follow-up was 6 months (interquartile range: 3). Fifty patients (68%) were pseudophakic. Median pre-op best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 2 LogMAR (interquartile range: 1.22). Forty-three of the patients (58%) had preoperative BCVA equivalent of count fingers or less. The majority of the patients (91%) had up to 3-day duration of macular detachment (MD) before surgery. In comparison only 18% of the group of patients with partial recovery of visual acuity after vitrectomy for macula-off RD had been operated within 3 days of MD (p < 0.0001). In 63% of the 40 cases in whom an optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the fovea could be interpreted, OCT image showed a retained foveal depression of the detached retina, whereas only 35% of the 46 control eyes with adequate OCT imaging showed a retained foveal depression (p = 0.01).
In our study, patients had significantly better chances of complete visual acuity recovery when operated within 3 days of MD in comparison to more delayed surgery. Additionally, preservation of the foveal depression of the detached retina appeared to be a common characteristic among patients demonstrating complete visual recovery.