Preterm brain Injury: White matter injury.
Détails
ID Serval
serval:BIB_E5858CDB4E36
Type
Article: article d'un périodique ou d'un magazine.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Titre
Preterm brain Injury: White matter injury.
Périodique
Handbook of clinical neurology
ISSN
0072-9752 (Print)
ISSN-L
0072-9752
Statut éditorial
Publié
Date de publication
2019
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
162
Pages
155-172
Langue
anglais
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article ; Review
Publication Status: ppublish
Publication Status: ppublish
Résumé
Despite the advances in neonatal intensive care, the preterm brain remains vulnerable to white matter injury (WMI) and disruption of normal brain development (i.e., dysmaturation). Compared to severe cystic WMI encountered in the past decades, contemporary cohorts of preterm neonates experience milder WMIs. More than destructive lesions, disruption of the normal developmental trajectory of cellular elements of the white and the gray matter occurs. In the acute phase, in response to hypoxia-ischemia and/or infection and inflammation, multifocal areas of necrosis within the periventricular white matter involve all cellular elements. Later, chronic WMI is characterized by diffuse WMI with aberrant regeneration of oligodendrocytes, which fail to mature to myelinating oligodendrocytes, leading to myelination disturbances. Complete neuronal degeneration classically accompanies necrotic white matter lesions, while altered neurogenesis, represented by a reduction of the dendritic arbor and synapse formation, is observed in response to diffuse WMI. Neuroimaging studies now provide more insight in assessing both injury and dysmaturation of both gray and white matter. Preterm brain injury remains an important cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities, which are still observed in up to 50% of the preterm survivors and take the form of a complex combination of motor, cognitive, and behavioral concerns.
Mots-clé
Adult, Animals, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnostic imaging, Infant, Premature, Diseases/pathology, Pregnancy, White Matter/diagnostic imaging, White Matter/pathology, Brain maturation, Dysmaturation, Oligodendrocyte, Periventricular leukomalacia, White matter injury
Pubmed
Création de la notice
04/08/2019 15:56
Dernière modification de la notice
08/06/2021 6:37