We extend the construction principle of phase-type (PH) distributions to allow for inhomogeneous
transition rates and show that this naturally leads to direct probabilistic descriptions of
certain transformations of PH distributions. In particular, the resulting matrix distributions enable to
carry over fitting properties of PH distributions to distributions with heavy tails, providing a general
modelling framework for heavy-tail phenomena. We also illustrate the versatility and parsimony of
the proposed approach for the modelling of a real-world heavy-tailed fire insurance dataset.