Echinococcus multilocularis infection in solid organ transplant recipients

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Ressource 1Télécharger: Mémoire no 5816 M. Marquis.pdf (485.60 [Ko])
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ID Serval
serval:BIB_ADDD85B76536
Type
Mémoire
Sous-type
(Mémoire de) maîtrise (master)
Collection
Publications
Institution
Titre
Echinococcus multilocularis infection in solid organ transplant recipients
Auteur⸱e⸱s
MARQUIS B.
Directeur⸱rice⸱s
MANUEL O.
Détails de l'institution
Université de Lausanne, Faculté de biologie et médecine
Statut éditorial
Acceptée
Date de publication
2018
Langue
anglais
Nombre de pages
23
Résumé
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonosis caused by the ingestion of eggs of the
tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, causing a severe infection most often
localized in the liver. Its behavior is similar to that of a malignant tumor as it invades
surrounding tissues and can metastasize to distant organs. If left untreated, the
mortality of AE can be as high as 90% after 10 years. In the immunosuppressed host,
a higher incidence of AE has been reported. Additionally, AE seems to have a faster
evolution, with more severe manifestations. However, there are very few data on the
epidemiology and clinical manifestations of AE specifically in solid-organ transplant
(SOT) recipients.
In this multicentric case series, we retrospectively collected de novo cases of AE in
SOT recipients by searching the STCS database in Switzerland and the FrancEchino
registry in France for cases from 01/2008 to 08/2018. We collected data about the
clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome at each center using a
standardized collection form.
A total of 7 patients were identified (kidney=5, heart=1, lung=1), 5 in France and
2 in Switzerland. Six patients presented with liver AE and one with lung AE. AE was
asymptomatic at diagnosis in 4 patients and presented with abdominal pain in 2 of
them. One had undocumented symptoms. The median time between transplantation
and diagnosis was 66 months (ranging from 12 to 240). Two patients had no liver
lesions 26 and 43 months prior to diagnosis, respectively. Diagnosis was done by
serology in all cases (Western-blot was positive in all 7 cases, Em2+ was positive in
1/3, hydatic fluid antigen ELISA in 4/4 and indirect hemagglutination in 3/3).
Imaging was atypical in 2 cases, with a pseudo-tumoral appearance in one case.
Biopsies confirmed AE in 3 cases but led to an erroneous diagnosis in one case. Four
of the 7 patients were operated (all incomplete resections) and 2 died following the
operation. Albendazole was started in all surviving patients and was well tolerated by
all patients (tolerance undocumented in one case). AE remained stable in 3 of the 5
cases and progressed in 1 case. The evolution is undocumented in one case. One
patient died of cause unrelated to AE.
The incidence of AE seems to be higher and its evolution faster in SOT recipients
than in the general population. Our data also suggest that diagnosis of AE in this
population is more challenging, with atypical imaging and sometimes misleading
biopsies. In this series, post-operative mortality was high, perhaps suggesting that a
more conservative approach is needed in this immunocompromised population.
Mots-clé
Echinococcose alvéolaire, Transplantation, Echinococcus multilocularis, Parasitose
Création de la notice
03/09/2019 11:57
Dernière modification de la notice
08/09/2020 6:10
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