Regulated exocytosis from astrocytes physiological and pathological related aspects.
Détails
ID Serval
serval:BIB_A42056660CE6
Type
Article: article d'un périodique ou d'un magazine.
Sous-type
Synthèse (review): revue aussi complète que possible des connaissances sur un sujet, rédigée à partir de l'analyse exhaustive des travaux publiés.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Titre
Regulated exocytosis from astrocytes physiological and pathological related aspects.
Périodique
International review of neurobiology
ISSN
0074-7742
Statut éditorial
Publié
Date de publication
2009
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
85
Pages
261-93
Langue
anglais
Résumé
Astrocytes have traditionally been considered ancillary, satellite cells of the nervous system. However, it is a very recent acquisition that glial cells generate signaling loops which are integral to the brain circuitry and participate, interactively with neuronal networks, in the processing of information. Such a conceptual breakthrough makes this field of investigation one of the hottest in neuroscience, as it calls for a revision of past theories of brain function as well as for new strategies of experimental exploration of brain function. Glial cells are electrically not excitable, and it was only the use of optical recording techniques together with calcium sensitive dyes, that allowed the chemical excitability of glial cells to become apparent. Studies using these new techniques have shown for the first time that glial cells are activated by surrounding synaptic activity and translate neuronal signals into their own calcium code. Intracellular calcium concentration([Ca2+]i) elevations in glial cells have then shown to underlie spatial transfer of information in the glial network, accompanied by release of chemical transmitters (gliotransmitters) such as glutamate and back-signaling to neurons. As a consequence, optical imaging techniques applied to cell cultures or intact tissue have become a state-of-the-art technology for studying glial cell signaling. The molecular mechanisms leading to release of "gliotransmitters," especially glutamate, from glia are under debate. Accumulating evidence clearly indicates that astrocytes secrete numerous transmitters by Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis. This review will discuss the mechanisms underlying the release of chemical transmitters from astrocytes with a particular emphasis to the regulated exocytosis processes.
Mots-clé
Animals, Astrocytes/pathology, Astrocytes/physiology, Brain/immunology, Brain/physiopathology, Calcium/physiology, Exocytosis/physiology, Glutamic Acid/secretion, Humans, Inflammation/physiopathology, Membrane Microdomains/ultrastructure, Models, Biological, Neurotransmitter Agents/secretion, Organelles/physiology
Pubmed
Web of science
Création de la notice
15/09/2009 7:14
Dernière modification de la notice
20/08/2019 15:09