The authors describe the gap between the implementation of a new technology in medicine and the development of a psychological and ethical framework that is thought to complement this implementation in order to guarantee the conditions for an optimal information of the patient and his relatives. As a second goal, the authors tries to anticipate the individual and systemic psychological impact these new technologies may have and the possibilities to overcome potential negative impacts. To conclude, a modification of the relations between physicians and patients and a different distribution of their roles and responsibilities is predicted permitting to face a medicine of the future, which will lead to considerable existential challenges.