The Archaic-Greek Model for Nietzsche’s Understanding of ‚Race‘ and ‚Barbarism‘. In the vein of Romantic Philhellenism, Nietzsche champions his almost utopian idea to revitalize modern European life that, in his view, had degenerated into an anonymous mass-culture of democratic and socialist values under the socio-economic conditions of industrialism. In order to replace this supposed decadence of modernity he advocates a return to Greek Antiquity, associating its archaic and aristocratic values with the productive creation of culture and works of art. In the following, I will demonstrate that the concepts of ‚race‘ and ‚barbarism‘ are inextricably linked to Nietzsche’s critical project of cultural rejuvenation. More specifically, they are intertwined with Nietzsche’s very conception of antiquity. Emphasis will be laid on the opposition of the Apollonian and Dionysian principles, as defined in The Birth of Tragedy, as well as on the cultural and political theory proposed in the The Greek State.