These last decades showed important progress in cancer systemic therapies. A better understanding of the differences between cancer cells and normal cells lead to the emergence of targeted therapies. These treatments interfere with different specific molecules playing a critical role in tumour growth or progression. On the other side, thanks to the development of new therapeutic substances, new modes of administration and to the improvement of supportive care, conventional chemotherapy is more effective and less toxic. The following review summarizes current progress with clinical impact observed these last years.