Use of benzodiazepine and Z-drug is common in Switzerland, also for prolonged periods of time. Physical dependence, psychological dependence and a syndrome of dependence may ensue. Related to a lack of well-established medical guidelines, current clinical practices are subject to debate. Also controversial is the need to request an authorization from the cantonal health authorities before starting treatment with these controlled substances. The present article describes the limited circumstances in which such prior authorization is required.