Changes in climate and land use represent significant risks of biodiversity loss globally, affect ecological stability,
impact nature’s contributions to people (NCP, i.e. ecosystem services) and compromise human livelihood. As
framings of conservation evolve to consider the interdependence between species and human needs, there is a
growing recognition of the importance of NCP and biodiversity in conservation actions. However, knowledge on
the interactions and spatial repartition of NCP and biodiversity remains limited. Here we show a comprehensive
spatial assessment for 15 NCP and one biodiversity – distribution of threatened species – indicators in
Switzerland. Indicators values were computed using a panel of mapping and modelling methods extracted from
the literature, or specifically developed for this study. Through the analysis of their relationships, we reveal
significant trade-offs and synergies in the spatial repartition of these indicators. Results from a spatial bundle
analysis performed on the 16 indicators revealed the existence of four bundles showing a heterogeneous
repartition over the Swiss landscape. Furthermore, we identified that topography (slope), climate (temperature
and precipitations), and habitat (forest and meadows) were among the most influential factors to explain the
spatial distribution of the four bundles. We conclude that various significant relationships exist between NCP and
biodiversity indicators in Switzerland, emphasizing the importance of informed conservation approaches
considering both NCP and biodiversity supply. This work helps fill the gap in our understanding of the links
among different NCP, between NCP and biodiversity, and highlight their relationship to climate and land use,
providing key insights for optimizing conservation efforts.