There are strong research activities in the field of dysimmune neuropathies. In Guillain-Barré syndrome, new pathophysiological mechanisms have been demonstrated with the potential development of new therapies, a clinical prediction model is applicable early in the course of disease, and under investigation are new treatment strategies with adapted intravenous Ig dosages. In chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies, current diagnostic tests are discussed but biomarkers are needed, such as histological changes or differential gene expression in nerve or skin biopsies. The exploration of novel therapeutic approaches including monoclonal antibodies and oral immunosuppressants, known from multiple sclerosis studies, suggests new approaches to treatment. Changes of the peripheral nerves on MR imaging are better known and the usefulness of serum antibodies is reviewed.