Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents is the most frequent pathology in child psychiatry and affects 3%-7% of children worldwide. ADHD in childhood is very often associated with co-morbidities such as behaviour problems, emotional instability and learning disorders. The developmental impact of ADHD symptoms has to be evaluated carefully as well the specificity of each clinical context (for instance comorbidities, socio-familial context). The treatments have to be multimodal, with the goal to determine the priorities for interventions. While psychostimulants have been the focus of debate in the last decades, new approaches have recently focused with more interest in the care of children and adolescents with ADHD. The new options include: no stimulant drugs such as atomoxetine, specific behaviour approaches focused on ADHD core symptoms, as well cognitive training, e.g. cognitive remediation and neurofeedback.