Cervical cancer remains a major public health problem in the world. The strong link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer brings us the opportunity to develop a prevention against HPV infection through vaccination. HPV 16 and 18 induce about 70% of all cervical cancer, so prophylactic vaccine must be focus on these types. Trails established a great safety of theses vaccines and the induction of high titer of antibodies. They provide about 100% of protection against persistent HPV 16/18 infection and associated high-grade dysplasia. HPV vaccine must be proposed to young women "HPV-naïve" before beginning of their sexual activity. But questions arise for our society: when to perform it, who would be on charge, inclusion of boys also, parental approval, adaptation of cervical screening and high cost.