Artificial intelligence and brain-computer interfaces are two novel technologies
that have numerous potential areas of application in medicine. They raise, however,
significant ethical implications that call for reflection and discussion before
deciding about the use of these kinds of applications. In this chapter, I present
some examples of these technologies, focusing first on the ethical implications of
medical research on brain-computer interfaces. Using the example of a recent
case of alleged scientific misconduct, I highlight the dangers inherent in this kind
of research on clinical technology. Second, I focus on ethical issues in the clinical
application of artificial intelligence and deep learning algorithms in medicine
and highlight some risks and challenges for the patient–physician relationship,
but more fundamentally also for the character of medicine.