This study aims to examine (1) the association of "Emergency Room Evaluation and Recommendations" (ER ² ) cognitive and motor items with incident falls (i.e., ≥ 1), their recurrence (i.e., ≥ 2) and post-fall fractures and (2) the performance criteria (i.e., sensitivity, specificity) of the greater identified association for each incident fall outcome in older community dwellers.
7147 participants (80.5 ± 3.8; 100% female) of the EPIDémiologie de l'OStéoporose (EPIDOS) observational population-based cohort study were recruited in France. Inability to name the day's date and the use of a walking aid and/or an history of falls were recorded at baseline. Incident outcomes, which were ≥ 1 fall, ≥ 2 falls and post-fall fractures, were collected every 4 months over a period of 4 years.
The overall incidence of ≥ 1 fall was 26.4%, 6.4% for ≥ 2 falls, and 19.1% for post-fall fractures. Cox regressions revealed that the use of a walking aid and/or an history of falls [Hazard ratio (HR) ≥ 1.03 with P ≤ 0.011], inability to name the day's date (HR ≥ 1.05 with P ≤ 0.003), and their combination (HR ≥ 1.37 with P ≤ 0.002) were significantly associated with both incident falls, regardless of their recurrence, and post-fall fractures.
A significant positive association between ER ² cognitive and motor items, both, respectively, and in combination, with an overall incidence of falls, regardless of their recurrence, as well as with post-fall fractures was demonstrated. However, the low sensitivity and high specificity of the combination of ER ² items suggest that these items cannot be used for risk screening of fall outcomes in the older population.