Testicular cancer, although it represents a small proportion of adult neoplasms, has seen an increase in incidence. Germ cell tumors, which are predominant in this type of cancer, are divided into seminomas and non-seminomas, with risk factors including a history of cryptorchidism and family history. Diagnosis relies on thorough clinical assessment, supplemented by radiological examinations and tumor markers. Orchidectomy is the standard treatment. After surgery, chemotherapy may be used to reduce the risk of recurrence. Awareness of testicular self-examination is crucial, and patients should be informed about fertility preservation options before surgery. Rigorous and multidisciplinary follow-up is essential to optimize outcomes and improve patients' quality of life.